Ishidi lensimbi elicwebezelwe uthayela kanye neshidi lensimbi le-Wuxi chrome (ngemuva kwalokhu elibizwa ngokuthi i-tinplate uma ungekho umehluko okhethekile) izinsimbi zesiqukathi ezijwayelekile.Ngo-2021, isidingo somhlaba wonke se-tinplate sizoba amathani ayizigidi eziyi-16.41 (amayunithi e-metric asetshenziswa embhalweni).Ngenxa yokuncipha nokuncintisana kwezinye izinto, ukusetshenziswa kwe-tinplate emazweni athuthukile nasezifundeni (ezifana neJapan, iSouth Korea, i-United States, iCanada, i-European Union, njll.) kuye kwehla kancane kancane, kodwa ukukhula kokusetshenziswa kwayo emazweni asathuthuka. ukwenzele futhi wedlula lokhu kwehla.Njengamanje, ukusetshenziswa komhlaba wonke kwe-tinplate kukhula ngesilinganiso esingu-2% ngonyaka.Ngo-2021, umkhiqizo womhlaba wonke we-tinplate uzoba amathani ayizigidi ezingama-23.Kodwa-ke, njengoba ukwanda kwamandla okukhiqiza eShayina kulindeleke ukuthi kudlule ukukhula kwesidingo sasekhaya, abantu bakhathazeka ngokuthi igebe phakathi kokunikezwa kanye nesidingo lizoqhubeka likhule.Njengamanje, isidingo saminyaka yonke saseJapane se-tinplate singamathani angu-900000, cishe ingxenye yenani eliphakeme ngo-1991.
Ngaphansi kwesizinda esingenhla, kubaluleke kakhulu kubakhiqizi be-tinplate base-Japan ukugcina ukuncintisana kwemikhiqizo yabo nezinye izinto zokuqukatha (njenge-polyethylene terephthalate ne-aluminium) emakethe yasekhaya.Kuze kube manje, kufanele bathuthukise ukusebenza kwamathangi ensimbi futhi banciphise izindleko ngokuhlanganisa mpo ngokusebenzisana eduze nabakhiqizi bamathangi.Ezimakethe zaphesheya kwezilwandle, kubalulekile ukuthi basebenzise ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu obuqoqwe futhi bathuthukiswa emakethe yasekhaya ukuze bahlukanise imikhiqizo yabo kuleyo yabaqhudelana nabo, futhi bathuthukise ukuncintisana kwabo ngokusebenzisana okuqondile nabakhiqizi bamathini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimbi ye-nickel plated sheet ingasetshenziswa ukwenza igobolondo lebhethri.Kulo mkhakha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi abakhiqizi baphendule ngokunembile izidingo zabasebenzisi.Abakhiqizi be-tinplate baseJapane ngokuqinisekile bangahlangabezana nezidingo ezingenhla ngokusebenzisa ngokugcwele ukuqoqwa kwabo kobuchwepheshe endaweni ye-tinplate eminyakeni edlule.
Leli phepha libuyekeza izici zemakethe zezinto zokuqukatha ekhaya naphesheya eJapan, futhi licacisa izidingo zobuchwepheshe amabhizinisi adinga ukuhlangabezana nazo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamathini okudla e-tinplate e-Japan kunqunyelwe
Emazweni amaningi aphesheya kwezilwandle, i-tinplate ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza amathini okudla, amathini obisi kanye namakepisi amabhodlela ama-serrated.EJapane, ukusetshenziswa kwe-tinplate emathini okudla kulinganiselwe kakhulu, futhi isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukwenza amathini esiphuzo.Ngenxa yokwanda kokusetshenziswa kwamathini e-aluminium, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuba iJapane isuse ukuvinjelwa kwamabhodlela amancane e-polyethylene terephthalate (500ml noma ngaphansi) ngo-1996, amapuleti kathayela kuleli zwe ayesetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukwenza amathini eziphuzo zekhofi.Nokho, ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, amathini amaningi eziphuzo zekhofi eJapane asakhiwa ikakhulukazi nge-tinplate, ngoba izinhlobo eziningi zeziphuzo zekhofi eJapane ziqukethe ubisi.
Ngokuqondene namathini e-aluminium kanye namabhodlela e-polyethylene terephthalate, ukuncintisana kwabo kwemakethe emkhakheni wamathini esiphuzo sekhofi kuye kwanda kakhulu.Ngokuphambene, inzuzo enkulu yamathangi ensimbi ukuphepha: ukuhlolwa kwe-acoustic (indlela yokuhlola ukubola kokuqukethwe ngokushaya phansi kwethangi kanye nokuguqulwa kokucindezela kwangaphakathi ngomsindo) kusebenza kuphela kumathangi ensimbi, hhayi amathangi e-aluminium.Amandla amathangi ensimbi angagcina ingcindezi yawo yangaphakathi iphakeme kunomfutho womoya.Kodwa-ke, uma abakhiqizi bensimbi beqhubeka bethembele kuphela kule nzuzo enkulu kakhulu, amathini ensimbi ekugcineni azoshintshwa.Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthi abakhiqizi bensimbi bathuthukise uhlobo olusha lwamathini ensimbi anezinzuzo ezinkulu kunamathini e-aluminium, anezici zokuheha abasebenzisi futhi angakwazi ukubuyisela imakethe ehlala amabhodlela e-polyethylene terephthalate namathini e-aluminium.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamathini esiphuzo nezinto zabo
Ukubuyekezwa okufushane komlando wamathini esiphuzo nezinto zawo.Ngo-1961, ukuthuthukiswa okuphumelelayo kwe-TFS (i-chromium plated steel sheet) ngefilimu ye-chromium yensimbi kanye nefilimu ye-hydrated chromium oxide kwaba umcimbi othakazelisayo kakhulu emkhakheni wezinto zokukhiqiza isiphuzo e-Japan.Ngaphambi kwalokho, nakuba i-tinplate yayiyisisekelo semboni yokufaka amathini yaseJapane kanye nobuchwepheshe bezinto zeziqukathi, bonke ubuchwepheshe obufanele babuphethwe ngamazwe asentshonalanga.Njengento ebaluleke kakhulu yeziqukathi, i-TFS yathuthukiswa yiJapan, futhi imikhiqizo yayo kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza kwathunyelwa emazweni asentshonalanga.Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-TFS kwacabangela ukuqedwa kwezinsiza zamathini emhlabeni wonke, okwenza i-TFS yaziwe kabanzi ngaleso sikhathi.Amathini ahlanganiswe inhlaka okupakishwa okubandayo athuthukiswe ngezinto ze-TFS anciphisa ukuthengiswa kwamathini e-DI ngeshidi le-aluminium alloy athathwe e-United States angeniswe yiJapan ngaleso sikhathi.Amathini ensimbi abe esebusa emakethe yesiphuzo saseJapan.Kusukela lapho, “i-Super WIMA Method” eyathuthukiswa yi-Soudronic AG yaseSwitzerland yenze abakhiqizi bensimbi base-Japan baqhudelana ukuze bakhe izinto zokushisela amathini.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-TFS kufakazele ukuthi ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe kudinga ukwesekwa yisidingo esinamandla semakethe namandla obuchwepheshe.Njengamanje, alukho usongo olukhulu kubakhiqizi be-tinplate baseJapan kunokuncipha kwezinsiza zikathayela."Ukuphepha nokuthembeka" kufanele kube ukukhathazeka kwesikhathi eside.Mayelana neziqukathi zokudla neziphuzo, amazwe anezindlela ezihlukene zokwelapha i-bisphenol A (BPA, isiphazamisi se-endocrine), kuyilapho amanye amazwe engayiphathi nhlobo.Kuze kube manje, izinyathelo zaseJapan “zokuphepha nokwethembeka” zisekude ngokwanele.Isibopho semboni yamathangi kanye nemboni yensimbi ukuhlinzeka ngeziqukathi ezivumelana nemvelo, izinsiza kanye nokonga amandla kanye nezinto zokuqukatha.
Kungabonakala emlandweni wokuthuthukiswa kwe-tinplate ukuthi kukhona ubudlelwano obuseduze phakathi kokuthuthukiswa kwamathini amasha nezinto ezintsha ezisemathinini.Mayelana nobuchwepheshe, amathini aseJapan asefinyelele ezingeni eliphezulu emhlabeni, elanele ukusekela imboni yensimbi yaseJapane ukuthi iqhubeke ithuthukisa izinto ezintsha nezinqubo, futhi izikhuthaze emhlabeni wonke ngokusebenzisana eduze namanye amazwe.
Izici zemakethe yezinto zokuthungatha zomhlaba wonke
Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yezinto zokwakha inezici ezilandelayo: okokuqala, isidingo samathini ensimbi siyakhula;okwesibili, amathini okudla asetshenziswa emakethe;okwesithathu, ukunikezwa kwezinto zesitsha kugcwele ngokweqile (ikakhulukazi eChina);okwesine, abakhiqizi be-tinplate bomhlaba bancintisana bodwa ngokwamanani nekhwalithi.
Ukukhula okusheshayo komthamo wokuphakelwa kwezinto zokuthungatha umhlaba wonke kuseChina.Idatha efanelekile ikhombisa ukuthi kusukela ngo-2017 kuya ku-2021, amandla e-China ezinto zokwakha amathangi akhule cishe ngamathani ayizigidi ezi-4.Kodwa-ke, cishe amaphesenti angama-90 ama-tinplates ebanga eliphakathi neliphansi enziwe ngamashidi ensimbi agoqelwe ngamakhaza.Ngokwencazelo ku-JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard) kanye namanye amazinga aqashelwa umhlaba wonke, amazwe athuthukile enza i-tinplate ibe insimbi engu-MR, D noma L (ngokwe-JIS G 3303) ngokulawula kahle ukwakheka kwensimbi, bese elungisa okuqukethwe kokungeyona insimbi. ukufakwa ngokuya kokusetshenziswa kokugcina, futhi ulawule ngokuqinile inqubo ngesikhathi sokugoqa okushisayo, ukugoqa okubandayo, ukugoqa kanye nokugoqa, ukuze uthole ukusebenza okudingekayo kwe-tinplate substrate.Kunoma yikuphi, i-tinplate yezinga eliphansi ithatha isabelo semakethe esithile.
Yini okufanele bayenze abakhiqizi esikhathini esizayo?
Izinga lobuchwepheshe lase-Japan emkhakheni wokwenza amashidi ensimbi nokufaka ama-container libonwa njengesezingeni lomhlaba.Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe obubonakale busebenza e-Japan abukwazi ukusakazeka kalula kwamanye amazwe, okuyisici semakethe.Lapho ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kuba igama elivame ukusetshenziswa eJapane, nakuba imboni yaseJapane yokwenza insimbi iye yafeza ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kwesakhiwo sezimboni (ngokusekelwe esikhungweni sobuchwepheshe saseJapane, izitshalo zokuhlanganisa ithini zakhiwa phesheya), ngemva kokuba ubuchwepheshe be-TFS bubelwane nabalingani baphesheya iminyaka engu-50. edlule, ukunwetshwa kokubambisana kwezobuchwepheshe kwemingcele kwavinjelwa isikhathi eside.Ukuze kugqanyiswe isikhundla sayo emakethe, imboni yensimbi yaseJapan kumele ihlanganise umhlaba wonke ngobuchwepheshe ebuthuthukisayo futhi ebuthuthukisayo eShayina.
Kungafundwa ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe base-Japan kulo mkhakha ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa okubalulekile kobuchwepheshe kuvela ebudlelwaneni obuseduze phakathi kwabakhiqizi bensimbi namathini.Uma imikhiqizo ye-tinplate ithengiswa kubasebenzisi baphesheya kwezilwandle, ukugxila kwabasebenzisi abanjalo kusekukhiqizweni komkhiqizo kuphela, kunokuhlinzekwa kwe-tinplate okuzinzile.Ngokuzayo, kubakhiqizi be-tinplate baseJapane, kubalulekile ukugqamisa izinzuzo zomkhiqizo wabo ngokuhlanganisa ngokuqondile amandla okuqinisekisa abapakishi namathini.
——Yehlisa izindleko zamathini.
Ama-canners kufanele akhathazeke kakhulu ngezindleko zokukhiqiza, okuyisisekelo sokuncintisana kwawo.Kodwa-ke, ukuncintisana kwezindleko akufanele kuncike kuphela ngentengo yensimbi, kodwa futhi ekukhiqizeni, inqubo yokufaka amathini kanye nezindleko.
Ukushintsha i-batch annealing ibe yi-annealing eqhubekayo kuyindlela yokunciphisa izindleko.I-Nippon Iron yenze ipuleti likathayela elishubile elingangena esikhundleni sepuleti lensimbi elifakwe emanzini, futhi yancoma le nto entsha kubakhiqizi bethini.Ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kusuka embonini, izinga lokwenqatshwa kwamashidi ensimbi e-annealed aqhubekayo liphansi, futhi ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wekhoyili ngayinye yensimbi izinzile, ukuze amakhasimende akwazi ukuthola ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula okuphezulu, ukunciphisa ukwehluleka kokukhiqiza, futhi afinyelele isimo sokuwina-win.Njengamanje, ama-oda okukhiqiza e-tinplate e-annealing eqhubekayo athathe ama-oda amaningi okwenziwa kwensimbi yase-Japan.
Thatha umzimba weziqephu ezintathu zokudla njengesibonelo.Esikhathini esedlule, imikhiqizo eyake yagoqwa ebandayo (SR) enogqinsi luka-0.20mm~0.25mm yayisetshenziswa kabanzi.I-Nippon Iron iphakamisa ukuthi esikhundleni sayo kufakwe umkhiqizo oqinile wesibili ogoqayo (DR) onogqinsi luka-0.20 mm noma ngaphansi.Ngale ndlela, ukusetshenziswa kweyunithi yezinto kuyancishiswa ngenxa yokuhluka kokuqina, futhi izindleko zincishiswa ngokufanele.Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali eshidi lensimbi ethayiwe kulawulwa ngokuqinile, futhi ukushuba kwawo kuseduze nomkhawulo ophansi wezimboni ezibandayo ezigoqiwe, ngakho ukugoqa okubandayo kwesibili kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukushuba komkhiqizo.
Njengoba kwamukelwa indlela yesibili yokugoqa ebandayo, ukujiya kwesisekelo sensimbi buyancishiswa futhi kumshini wokuthukuthela ngemva kwe-anneal, ngakho-ke lapho ubude buncishisiwe, amandla ezinto ezibonakalayo ayanda.Ngesikhathi sokwenza ithini, lokhu kuvame ukuholela ekuqhekekeni kwe-flange eduze kwejoyinti elishiselwe, noma ama-ripples ngesikhathi kwakhiwa ikhava yekani noma ithini elinezicucu ezimbili.Ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwangaphambilini, Inkampani Yensimbi YaseJapane ixazulule izinkinga ezingenhla ngokusebenzisa i-tinplate yesibili ebandayo egoqayo ezacile, futhi yanikeza umsebenzisi ngamunye izinto ezifanele kakhulu zezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamathini nezindlela zokukhiqiza, ukuze kwehliswe izindleko zokufaka amathini.
Amandla okudla angancika kakhulu ekwakhekeni kwawo namandla ezinto ezibonakalayo.Ukuze kwethulwe izinto ezifanelekayo kanye nokuklama kwe-can esebenzayo, i-Nippon Iron idale "ifektri ye-virtual can" - uhlelo lokulingisa olungahlola amandla amathini okudla ngokuya ngezinguquko zezinto kanye namajamo we-can.
——Gxila “ekuvikelekeni nasekuthembekeni”.
Njengoba ipuleti likathayela lisetshenziselwa ukwenza iziqukathi zokudla neziphuzo, abakhiqizi bensimbi banomthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlinzeka ngezinto eziphephile nezithembekile kubasebenzisi basekhaya nabaphesheya.Ipuleti lensimbi ngaphandle kwe-bisphenol A liyinto enjalo.I-Japan Iron&Steel Co., Ltd. ihlale inaka imithetho yomhlaba yokuvikela imvelo, futhi izimisele ukuqhubeka nokuba ngumkhiqizi ohamba phambili emhlabeni weziqukathi eziphephile nezithembekile ngokwakha nokuhlinzeka ngamashidi ensimbi esiqukathi esivumelana nemvelo.
Izici zemakethe namathemba esidingo seshidi lensimbi eline-nickel
Noma ngabe okwedlule, okwamanje noma okuzayo, ithangi lensimbi liwuhlobo lwesitsha esingcono kakhulu.Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi abakhiqizi basebenzisane eduze nabasebenzisi, baphishekele ngokuhlanganyela izinzuzo zezomnotho zamandla nezinsiza, futhi bathuthukise futhi bahlinzeke ngezinto ezivumelana nemvelo.Baningi abakhiqizi beshidi lensimbi yeziqukathi emhlabeni wonke abamagange ukwandisa umthamo wabo wokukhiqiza (ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka).
Ishidi le-nickel plated steel lingolunye uhlobo lwempahla yesitsha ekhiqizwa eJapan.Amagobolondo amabhethri ayisisekelo (njengamabhethri e-alkaline omile) namabhethri esibili (njengamabhethri e-lithium, amabhethri e-nickel metal hydride namabhethri e-nickel cadmium) enziwe ngensimbi ye-nickel plated sheet.Isilinganiso semakethe yomhlaba wonke yamashidi ensimbi ane-nickel plated cishe amathani angama-250000 ngonyaka, lapho amapuleti aboshwe athatha cishe uhhafu.Ipuleti elifakwe ngaphambili linengubo efanayo futhi lisetshenziswa kakhulu eJapan nasemazweni asentshonalanga ukwenza amabhethri ayisisekelo kanye namabhethri esibili anamandla aphezulu.
Izinga lemakethe leshidi lensimbi le-nickel plated lincane kakhulu kuneleshidi lensimbi, futhi inani labahlinzeki lilinganiselwe.Abahlinzeki abakhulu emhlabeni i-Tata India (ebalelwa cishe ku-40% wesabelo semakethe), i-Toyo Steel Co., Ltd. yase-Japan (ibalwa cishe ngama-30%) kanye ne-Japan Iron (cishe i-10%).
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zeshidi le-nickel elifakwe ngaphambili: ishidi eline-nickel plated kanye neshidi lokusabalalisa ukushisa eline-nickel coating elisakazwa ku-substrate yensimbi ngemva kokufudumeza.Njengoba kungekho ukwelashwa okwengeziwe okudingekayo ngaphandle kwe-nickel plating kanye nokushisisa kokusabalalisa, kunzima kubakhiqizi ukuhlukanisa imikhiqizo yabo kuleyo yabanye abaqhudelana nabo.Njengoba ubukhulu bangaphandle bamabhethri bulinganiswa, abakhiqizi bebhethri bayaqhudelana ngokusebenza kwebhethri (kuye ngokuthi amandla angaphakathi), okusho ukuthi imakethe idinga amapuleti ensimbi azacile.Ukuze kwandiswe isabelo semakethe futhi kugqugquzelwe ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha wamabhethri, ukwenziwa kwe-ayina kwase-Japan kufanele kuhambisane nezidingo zabakhiqizi bamabhethri futhi kudlale izinzuzo zako ezinamandla ekuhlanganiseni okuqondile izinqubo zokukhiqiza.
Isidingo samashidi ensimbi ane-nickel plated emakethe yamabhethri ngaphandle kwemboni yezimoto sikhula kancane kancane.Imboni yokwenza insimbi yaseJapan ibhekene nethuba elihle lokuhola imakethe ngokuphendula ngendlela efanele izidingo zabakhiqizi bamabhethri.Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, ubuchwepheshe bokunciphisa ukujiya obuqoqwe ukwenziwa kwe-iron yase-Japan emkhakheni wokukhiqiza i-tinplate buzohlangabezana ngempumelelo nesidingo semakethe samashidi ensimbi ane-nickel enamabhethri.Igobolondo lephakethe lebhethri lemoto lenziwa ikakhulukazi nge-aluminium noma i-aluminium foil laminate nefilimu yepulasitiki.
Kubakhiqizi bensimbi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha izinyathelo eziphumelelayo zocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwezicelo zensimbi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-01-2022